1 For the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is an householder, which went out early in the morning to hire labourers into his vineyard. 2 And when he had agreed with the labourers for a penny a day, he sent them into his vineyard. 3 And he went out about the third hour, and saw others standing idle in the marketplace, 4 And said unto them; Go ye also into the vineyard, and whatsoever is right I will give you. And they went their way. 5 Again he went out about the sixth and ninth hour, and did likewise. 6 And about the eleventh hour he went out, and found others standing idle, and saith unto them, Why stand ye here all the day idle? 7 They say unto him, Because no man hath hired us. He saith unto them, Go ye also into the vineyard; and whatsoever is right, that shall ye receive. (Matthew 20:1-7 KJV)
William Burkitt’s Commentary
A two-fold sense and interpretation is given of this parable; but both analogical.
One of which relates to the calling of the Gentiles. The Jews were the first people that God had in the world: they were hired into the vineyard betimes in the morning, the Gentiles not till the day was far spent; yet shall the Gentiles, by the favour and bounty of God, receive the same reward of eternal life, which was promised to the Jews who bore the heat of the day, while the Gentiles stood idle.
In the other analogical sense we may understand all persons indefinitely called by the gospel into the visible church, those that are called last, shall be rewarded together with the first; and accordingly the design and scope of this parable, is to shew the freeness of divine grace, in the distribution of those rewards which the hand of mercy confers upon God’s faithful servants.
The vineyard is the church of God, the husbandman is God himself; the labourers are particular persons.
God’s going at diverse times into his vineyard, imports the several ages of man’s life; some are called early in the morning, some at noon, others at night. Now when God comes to dispense his rewards, those that entered first into the vineyard and did most service for God, shall be plentifully rewarded by him; and such as came in later, but did faithful service, shall not miss of a merciful reward.
Learn, 1. That so long as a person keeps out of Christ’s vineyard and service, he is idle. Every unregenerate man is an idle man.
2. That persons are called by the preaching of the gospel at several ages and periods of life into God’s vineyard; that is, into the communion of the visible church.
3.That such as do come, though late, into God’s vineyard, and work diligently and faithfully, shall not miss of a reward of grace at the hand of free mercy.