What is the meaning of Acts 21:10-11?

10 And as we tarried there many days, there came down from Judaea a certain prophet, named Agabus. 11 And when he was come unto us, he took Paul’s girdle, and bound his own hands and feet, and said, Thus saith the Holy Ghost, So shall the Jews at Jerusalem bind the man that owneth this girdle, and shall deliver him into the hands of the Gentiles. (Acts 21:10-11 KJV)

William Burkitt’s Commentary

Observe here, 1. That during the apostle’s stay at Cesarea, in Philip’s house, a certain prophet named Agabus comes thither, and prophesieth of St. Paul’s bonds at Jerusalem. 

Where note, that though Agabus was a prophet, yet by what appears of him in scripture, he was always a prophet of evil things and bad tidings; he foretold the famine before, Ac 11:28 and Paul’s bonds now. Such messengers of God, as give warnings of judgments to come, should and ought to be accepted, as well as they that bring us hopes of mercy and deliverance; that message may be true, which yet is displeasing.

Observe, 2. Agabus uses a sign after the manner of the old prophets, who often prophesied by symbols and significant expressions, that they might better imprint their predictions on the hearts of men. Thus Isaiah went naked and barefoot, to show what the people of Israel should meet with under the king of Assyria, Isa 20:1-6. And Ezekiel was to pack up his stuff, and remove, to signify the people’s removal into captivity, Eze 12:1-7.

It pleased God to teach his people by visible signs, as well as by word of mouth so that what was received by both senses, seeing and hearing, might make a deeper impression upon their minds. In like manner here Agabus uses a sign; he takes St. Paul’s girdle, and binds his own hands and feet with it, signifying, that after that manner the Jews at Jerusalem would bind the apostle, and deliver him to the Gentiles; first to the Roman Governor of Judea, and afterwards to Nero the Roman emperor.

From whence we may remark, The great goodness and condescension of God, in giving the apostle of many warnings of his bonds; the Holy Ghost first made it known to him, That bonds and afflictions did betide him. Ac 20:23

The disciples at Tyre prophesied the same, Ac 21:5 And here Agabus, by a sensible sign, makes it known to him; and all this, that he might thoroughly be prepared for a suffering condition.

God does not love to take his children unprovided; St. Paul, therefore, was not surprised but had warning upon warning of his present danger.

If a sudden and unexpected flood of miseries and calamities break in upon us, for afflictions seldom go single, it is not because we want warning, but because we are not so wise as to take warning. When we are well and at ease, we will not think of death and the cross; therefore, if we are surprised and unprovided, we may thank our own security. Our apostle here being fore-warned, was fore-armed.